{"id":19475,"date":"2025-12-17T07:21:14","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T05:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T12:00:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T10:00:07","slug":"aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/","title":{"rendered":"Aphthae in the mouth: causes, symptoms and treatment options"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Small ulcers with a big impact: mouth ulcers are tiny but often very painful ulcers of the oral mucosa. Many sufferers are familiar with the unpleasant spots that make it difficult to eat, drink or even speak. Even though mouth ulcers are harmless in most cases, they have a considerable impact on quality of life &#8211; especially if they recur. In the following article, you will find out what causes can have aphthae, how the symptoms manifest themselves and what options are available to alleviate the symptoms.   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are aphthae?<\/h2>\n\n<p>In medical terms, recurrent aphthae are referred to as <em>recurrent aphthous stomatitis<\/em>. This is <strong>one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa<\/strong> [Scully &amp; Porter, 2008]. <\/p>\n\n<p>Typical are round to oval ulcers in the mouth with a whitish-yellowish coating and an inflamed, reddened edge.<\/p>\n\n<p>It is estimated that <strong>around 15 to 25 percent of the population <\/strong> in Central Europe are <strong>affected <\/strong>[Akintoye &amp; Greenberg, 2014]. Aphthae often occur in the following areas: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>on the inside of the lips<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on the buccal mucosa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on the side of the tongue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on the soft palate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The size can vary &#8211; from very small lesions to larger ulcers covering several millimeters.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Causes: Why do aphthae develop?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>The exact <strong>causes of aphthae<\/strong> have not yet been conclusively clarified. However, it is clear that it is not a bacterial or viral infection. Rather, <strong>immune reactions<\/strong> play a decisive role.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Aphthae are caused by an <strong>overreaction of the immune system<\/strong> in which T lymphocytes attack healthy tissue [Zhou et al., 2015]. As a result, tissue dies and the sensitive nerve endings are exposed &#8211; which causes the typical pain. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Frequently discussed risk factors<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Genetic predisposition<\/strong>: If aphthae occur in both parents, there is a probability of up to 90% that the children will also be affected [Scully &amp; Porter, 2008].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stress and psychological strain<\/strong>: Many sufferers report a connection between psychological strain and increased incidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hormonal influences<\/strong>: Cycle-related fluctuations or hormonal changes can favor aphthae.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Micro-injuries<\/strong>: Small injuries to the mucous membrane, e.g. caused by hard food or a toothbrush, can trigger aphthae.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Food intolerances<\/strong>: Hot foods\/spices, nuts or citrus fruits are considered possible triggers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>One possible trigger that is often overlooked is a <strong>nutrient deficiency<\/strong>. Studies show that the following deficiencies in particular can increase the risk of recurring aphthae: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Iron deficiency<\/strong>: Iron plays a role in the oxygen supply to cells. If it is lacking, the mucous membrane can be more susceptible to inflammation. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vitamin B12 deficiency<\/strong>: This vitamin is crucial for cell division and the health of the nervous system. A deficiency can delay the healing of mucosal lesions. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Folic acid deficiency<\/strong>: Folic acid is important for blood formation and tissue regeneration. A deficiency is often associated with aphthae. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Several studies indicate that up to 20% of people with recurrent aphthae have a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency [Volkov et al., 2009].<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> A balanced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, wholegrain products and sufficient fluids can support the health of the mucous membranes. If aphthae occur frequently, it is worth consulting a doctor to check whether there is a nutrient deficiency. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Symptoms and course<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Aphthae symptoms<\/strong> are clearly recognizable: The small, bright spot in the mouth with a red border feels sore and painful.<\/p>\n\n<p>Typical complaints:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stinging or burning pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficulties with eating and drinking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problems brushing your teeth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In severe cases: swollen lymph nodes or mild fever<br\/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The healing time is usually <strong>7 to 14 days<\/strong>. After that, aphthae disappear on their own, but can reappear again and again [Scully &amp; Porter, 2008]. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Treatment: home remedies vs. modern methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>As aphthae usually heal on their own, <strong>treatment<\/strong> focuses on relieving pain and supporting healing.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Home remedies for aphthae<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Many people initially resort to tried and tested household remedies:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mouthwashes<\/strong> with medicinal plants such as camomile, sage, arnica, mallow or rhatania have long been used to provide relief.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Propolis (bee resin)<\/strong> has a slightly antiseptic and soothing effect on the mucous membrane.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tea tree oil<\/strong> is also frequently mentioned as an anti-inflammatory home remedy, but should only be used with caution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The effectiveness of these home remedies is not always scientifically proven, but many sufferers report positive experiences.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Modern treatment options<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>In dentistry and oral care, various products are now available that are used specifically for aphthae. Modern preparations have the advantage that their composition is often specially tailored to the needs of the oral mucosa and the effect can be better controlled. <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Topical gels and solutions<\/strong> that form a protective film over the affected area, thereby shielding the sensitive nerve endings.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Products with hyaluronic acid<\/strong>, which promote the natural regeneration of the mucous membrane [Pf\u00fctzner et al., 2001].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pain-relieving preparations<\/strong> in the form of lozenges, sprays or gels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">GENGIGEL&#8217;s clinically proven formula soothes pain, supports healing and protects sensitive areas in a natural way &#8211; without any chemicals that could cause burning of the mucous membranes.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/produkte\/oral-care-en\/miscellaneous-oral-care-en\/gengigel-spray-20ml\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" data-id=\"11162\" src=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1.jpg\" alt=\"Gengigel Spray 20ml - Hyaluronic acid spray for hard-to-reach and painful areas in the mouth\" class=\"wp-image-11162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2029IN-Gengigel-Spray-20ml-800x800px1-500x500.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">GENGIGEL Spray 20ml<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/produkte\/oral-care-en\/miscellaneous-oral-care-en\/gengigel-mouth-rinse-150ml\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" data-id=\"11159\" src=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1.jpg\" alt=\"Gengigel mouth rinse 150ml - Hyaluronic acid mouth rinse for healthy gums and relief from inflammation\" class=\"wp-image-11159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2007IN-Gengigel-Mundspuehlloesung-150ml-800x800px1-500x500.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">GENGIGEL Mouthwash 150ml  <\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/produkte\/oral-care-en\/miscellaneous-oral-care-en\/gengigel-gel-20ml\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" data-id=\"11156\" src=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1.jpg\" alt=\"Gengigel Gel - hyaluronic acid gel for the rapid relief of gingivitis and mouth injuries\" class=\"wp-image-11156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2001IN-Gengigel-Gel-20ml-800x800px1-500x500.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">GENGIGEL Gel 20ml<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When should you see a doctor with aphthae?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>In most cases, aphthae are harmless. However, a visit to the doctor is advisable if: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the <strong>aphthae<\/strong> are <strong>very large<\/strong> or unusually painful,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>they <strong>recur frequently<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the ulcers persist for longer than 2 weeks,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>accompanying symptoms such as fever or fatigue,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is uncertainty as to whether these are actually aphthae.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>A dentist can clarify possible causes such as <strong>nutritional deficiencies<\/strong> or other illnesses and make specific treatment recommendations.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion: small cause, big effect<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Aphthae in the mouth<\/strong> are small, but can be very painful and severely impair quality of life. Although the exact causes are not fully understood, immune reactions, genetic factors, stress and <strong>nutritional deficiencies<\/strong> play an important role. <\/p>\n\n<p>The symptoms can often be alleviated somewhat with simple <strong>household remedies<\/strong>. Modern oral care products can also support the healing of the mucous membrane. However, it is advisable to seek medical advice if the symptoms occur frequently or are very severe.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Akintoye, S. O., &amp; Greenberg, M. S. (2014). Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. <em>Dental Clinics of North America, 58<\/em>(2), 281-297. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pf\u00fctzner, W., et al. (2001). Topical hyaluronic acid in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers: A clinical trial. <em>Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; Medicine, 30<\/em>(9), 556-560.<br\/>Scully, C., &amp; Porter, S. (2008). Oral mucosal disease: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. <em>British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46<\/em>(3), 198-206. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Volkov, I., Rudoy, I., &amp; Freud, T. (2009). Effectiveness of vitamin B12 in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <em>Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 22<\/em>(1), 9-16. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zhou, Y., et al. (2015). The immunopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. <em>Journal of Dental Research, 94<\/em>(5), 666-673.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Small ulcers with a big impact: mouth ulcers are tiny but often very painful ulcers of the oral mucosa. Many sufferers are familiar with the unpleasant spots that make it difficult to eat, drink or even speak. Even though mouth ulcers are harmless in most cases, they have a considerable impact on quality of life [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":350,"featured_media":19486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[157],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oral-care"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Aphthae in the mouth: causes, symptoms and treatment options - CAREISTA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aphthae in the mouth: causes, symptoms and treatment options - CAREISTA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Small ulcers with a big impact: mouth ulcers are tiny but often very painful ulcers of the oral mucosa. 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Even though mouth ulcers are harmless in most cases, they have a considerable impact on quality of life [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CAREISTA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-17T05:21:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-20T10:00:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dein-Abschnittstext-1024x726.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"726\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Evelyn Lanz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Evelyn Lanz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Evelyn Lanz\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/1a2b8e14ab7c3db512c6e0c5b448441b\"},\"headline\":\"Aphthae in the mouth: causes, symptoms and treatment options\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-17T05:21:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-20T10:00:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/\"},\"wordCount\":1091,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Dein-Abschnittstext.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Oral care\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/infomaniak.careista.ch\/en\/aphthae-in-the-mouth-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options\/\",\"name\":\"Aphthae in the mouth: causes, symptoms and treatment options - 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Many sufferers are familiar with the unpleasant spots that make it difficult to eat, drink or even speak. 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